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Gene expression of Paracoccidioides virulence factors after interaction with macrophages and fibroblasts
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Braz, Jaqueline Derissi

; Sardi, Janaina de Cássia Orlandi

; Pitangui, Nayla de Souza

; Voltan, Aline Raquel

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e200592

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with high prevalence in Latin America that is caused by thermodimorphic fungal species of the Paracoccidioides genus. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the expression of genes related to the virulence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and P. lutzii (Pb01) strains in their mycelial (M) and yeast (Y) forms after contact with alveolar macrophages (AMJ2-C11 cell line) and fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line). METHODS The selected genes were those coding for 43 kDa glycoprotein (gp43), enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 14-3-3 protein (30 kDa), phospholipase, and aspartyl protease. FINDINGS In the Pb18 M form, the aspartyl protease gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, both before and after infection of host cells. In the Pb18 Y form after macrophage infection, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, followed by the phospholipase and gp43 genes, and their expression was 50-fold, 10-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. After fibroblast infection with the Pb18 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 25-fold, 10-fold, and 10-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. Enolase and aspartyl protease genes were expressed upon infection of both cell lines. After macrophage infection with the Pb01 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 18-fold, 12.5-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the data show that the expression of the genes analysed may be upregulated upon fungus-host interaction. Therefore, these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200592 382 downloads

Fungal-host interactions: insights into microRNA in response to Paracoccidioides species
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Singulani, Junya de Lacorte

; Silva, Julhiany de Fátima da

; Gullo, Fernanda Patricia

; Costa, Marina Célia

; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa

; Enguita, Francisco Javier

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e200238

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides spp. causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important and frequent systemic mycosis that occurs in Latin America. The infectious process begins with contact between the fungus and lung cells, and the molecular pattern of this interaction is currently poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression in many biological processes, including in the infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the expression of miRNAs in lung cells as response to infection by Paracoccidioides spp. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based screening was employed to verify differentially expressed miRNAs in human lung cells infected with three different species; Paracoccidioides lutzii, Paracoccidioides americana, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Furthermore, the in silico predictions of target genes and pathways for miRNAs were obtained. FINDINGS The results showed that miRNAs identified in the lung cells were different according to the species studied. However, based on the predicted targets, the potential signaling pathways regulated by miRNAs are common and related to adhesion, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis, and immune response mediated by T cells and TGF-β. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed the miRNAs pattern of epithelial cells in response to infection by Paracoccidioides species and the potential role of these molecules in the regulation of key pathogenesis mechanisms of PCM.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200238 681 downloads

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents
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Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Szklo, Moyses

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Vasconcellos, Maurício T L de

; Moraes, Ana Júlia Pantoja de

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M

; Muniz, Pascoal Torres

; Jardim, Paulo César B Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr, Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Martins, Stella Maris Seixas

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 11s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e de seus componentes em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados 37.504 adolescentes, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), estudo transversal de âmbito nacional e de base escolar. Os adolescentes, de 12 a 17 anos de idade, residiam em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A amostra foi estratificada e conglomerada em escolas e turmas. Os critérios da International Diabetes Federation foram utilizados para definir síndrome metabólica. Prevalências de síndrome metabólica foram estimadas segundo sexo, faixa etária, tipo de escola e estado nutricional. RESULTADOS Dos 37.504 adolescentes, 50,2% eram do sexo feminino; 54,3% tinham de 15 a 17 anos e 73,3% estudavam em escolas públicas. A prevalência nacional de síndrome metabólica foi 2,6% (IC95% 2,3-2,9), discretamente maior no sexo masculino e naqueles de 15 a 17 anos na maioria das macrorregiões. A prevalência foi a maior nos residentes na macrorregião Sul, nas adolescentes mais jovens e nos adolescentes mais velhos. A prevalência foi maior nas escolas públicas (2,8% [IC95% 2,4-3,2]) que nas escolas privadas (1,9% [IC95% 1,4-2,4]) e nos adolescentes obesos em comparação aos não obesos. As combinações de componentes mais frequentes, respondendo por 3/4 das combinações, foram: circunferência de cintura elevada, HDL-colesterol baixo e pressão arterial elevada, seguida de circunferência da cintura elevada, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) baixo e triglicerídeos elevados, e wpor circunferência da cintura elevada, HDL baixa e triacilgliceróis e pressão arterial elevados. A HDL baixa foi o segundo componente mais frequente, mas a maior prevalência de síndrome metabólica (26,8%) foi observada na presença de triglicerídeos elevado. CONCLUSÕES O ERICA é o primeiro estudo nacional a apresentar prevalências de síndrome metabólica e descrever a participação dos seus componentes. Apesar de a prevalência da síndrome metabólica ter sido baixa, as altas prevalências de alguns componentes e de participação de outros na composição da síndrome torna importante o diagnóstico precoce de tais alterações, mesmo que não agrupadas na síndrome metabólica.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701 1789 downloads

ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents
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Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Szklo, Moyses

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Moraes, Ana Julia Pantoja

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B. de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M.

; Jardim, Paulo César B. Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr., Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 9s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar as prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade e a fração atribuível populacional de hipertensão arterial devida à obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados dados dos participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes, estudo seccional l nacional de base escolar. A amostra foi dividida em 32 estratos geográficos e conglomerados de escolas e turmas, com representatividade nacional, macrorregional e de capitais. Obesidade foi classificada pelo índice de massa corporal segundo idade e sexo. Considerou-se hipertensão arterial a média da pressão arterial sistólica ou diastólica maior ou igual ao percentil 95 da curva de referência. Foram estimadas prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de hipertensão arterial e de obesidade, nacionais e nas macrorregiões do País, por sexo e grupo etário, assim como as frações de hipertensão atribuíveis à obesidade na população. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 73.399 estudantes, 55,4% do sexo feminino, com média de idade 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi 9,6% (IC95% 9,0-10,3); sendo as mais baixas observadas nas regiões Norte, 8,4% (IC95% 7,7-9,2) e Nordeste, 8,4% (IC95% 7,6-9,2) e a mais alta na região Sul, 12,5% (IC95% 11,0-14,2). A prevalência de obesidade foi 8,4% (IC95% 7,9-8,9), mais baixa na região Norte e mais alta na Sul. As prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade foram maiores no sexo masculino. Adolescentes com obesidade tiveram prevalência de hipertensão arterial mais elevada, 28,4% (IC95% 25,5-31,2), do que aqueles com sobrepeso, 15,4% (IC95% 13,8-17,0), ou eutróficos, 6,3% (IC95% 5,6-7,0). A fração de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade foi de 17,8%. CONCLUSÕES O ERICA foi o primeiro estudo brasileiro com representatividade nacional a estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial aferida em adolescentes. A fração da prevalência de hipertensão arterial atribuível à obesidade mostrou que cerca de 1/5 dos hipertensos poderiam não ser hipertensos se não fossem obesos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006685 1511 downloads

ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents
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Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Szklo, Moyses

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Moraes, Ana Julia Pantoja

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B. de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M.

; Jardim, Paulo César B. Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr., Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 9s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006685 18629 downloads

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents
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Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Szklo, Moyses

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Vasconcellos, Maurício T L de

; Moraes, Ana Júlia Pantoja de

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M

; Muniz, Pascoal Torres

; Jardim, Paulo César B Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr, Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Martins, Stella Maris Seixas

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 11s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701 11875 downloads

Influence of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis14-3-3 and gp43 proteins on the induction of apoptosis in A549 epithelial cells
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Silva, Julhiany de Fátima da

; Vicentim, Juliana

; Oliveira, Haroldo Cesar de

; Marcos, Caroline Maria

; Assato, Patricia Akemi

; Andreotti, Patrícia Ferrari

; Silva, Juliana Leal Monteiro da

; Soares, Christiane Pienna

; Benard, Gil

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jun 2015, Volume 110 Nº 4 Páginas 476 - 484

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The fungal strain Paracoccidioides brasiliensisremains viable inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. However, until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the contribution of two P. brasiliensismolecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kDa proteins, which had been previously described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human pneumocytes. Accordingly, epithelial cells were treated with these molecules for different periods of time and the expression of the apoptosis regulating-proteins Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspases were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with these molecules induces apoptosis signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells, showing the same pattern of programmed cell-death as that observed during infection with P. brasiliensis. Thus, we could conclude that P. brasiliensisuses these molecules as virulence factors that participate not only in the fungal adhesion process to host cells, but also in other important cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150057 1805 downloads

Environmental isolation, biochemical identification, and antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus species
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Teodoro, Valter Luis Iost

; Gullo, Fernanda Patricia

; Sardi, Janaina de Cassia Orlandi

; Torres, Edson Maria

; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria Jose Soares

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Dez 2013, Volume 46 Nº 6 Páginas 759 - 764

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Introduction The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased in recent years and is considered an important public health problem. Among systemic and opportunistic mycoses, cryptococcosis is distinguished by its clinical importance due to the increased risk of infection in individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Methods To determine the occurrence of pathogenic Cryptococcus in pigeon excrement in the City of Araraquara, samples were collected from nine environments, including state and municipal schools, abandoned buildings, parks, and a hospital. The isolates were identified using classical tests, and susceptibility testing for the antifungal drugs (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B) independently was also performed. After collection, the excrement samples were plated on Niger agar and incubated at room temperature. Results A total of 87 bird dropping samples were collected, and 66.6% were positive for the genus Cryptococcus. The following species were identified: Cryptococcus neoformans (17.2%), Cryptococcus gattii (5.2%), Cryptococcus ater (3.5%), Cryptococcus laurentti (1.7%), and Cryptococcus luteolus (1.7%). A total of 70.7% of the isolates were not identified to the species level and are referred to as Cryptococcus spp. throughout the manuscript. Conclusions Although none of the isolates demonstrated resistance to antifungal drugs, the identification of infested areas, the proper control of birds, and the disinfection of these environments are essential for the epidemiological control of cryptococcosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0025-2013 4548 downloads

Anti dermatophytic therapy: prospects for the discovery of new drugs from natural products
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Soares, Luciana Arantes

; Sardi, Janaína de Cássia Orlandi

; Gullo, Fernanda Patrícia

; Pitangui, Nayla de Souza

; Scorzoni, Liliana

; Leite, Fernanda Sangalli

; Giannini, Maria José Soares Mendes

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Dez 2013, Volume 44 Nº 4 Páginas 1035 - 1041

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Millions of people and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which only infect keratinized structures. With the appearance of AIDS, the incidence of dermatophytosis has increased. Current drug therapy used for these infections is often toxic, long-term, and expensive and has limited effectiveness; therefore, the discovery of new anti dermatophytic compounds is a necessity. Natural products have been the most productive source for new drug development. This paper provides a brief review of the current literature regarding the presence of dermatophytes in immunocompromised patients, drug resistance to conventional treatments and new anti dermatophytic treatments.

8167 downloads

10.

Candida parapsilosis complex water isolates from a haemodialysis unit: biofilm production and in vitro evaluation of the use of clinical antifungals
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Pires, Regina Helena

; Santos, Jaime Maia dos

; Zaia, José Eduardo

; Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Set 2011, Volume 106 Nº 6 Páginas 646 - 654

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Candida parapsilosis, currently divided into three distinct species, proliferates in glucose-rich solutions and has been associated with infections resulting from the use of medical devices made of plastic, an environment common in dialysis centres. The aims of this study were (i) to screen for Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis (100 environmental isolates previously identified as C. parapsilosis), (ii) to test the ability of these isolates to form biofilm and (iii) to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of Candida spp biofilms to the antifungal agents, fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB). Isolates were obtained from a hydraulic circuit collected from a haemodialysis unit. Based on molecular criteria, 47 strains were re-identified as C. orthopsilosis and 53 as C. parapsilosis. Analyses using a formazan salt reduction assay and total viable count, together with microscopy studies, revealed that 72 strains were able to form biofilm that was structurally similar, but with minor differences in morphology. A microtitre-based colorimetric assay used to test the susceptibility of fungal biofilms to AMB and FLC demonstrated that the C. parapsilosis complex displayed an increased resistance to these antifungal agents. The results from these analyses may provide a basis for implementing quality controls and monitoring to ensure the microbiological purity of dialysis water, including the presence of yeast.

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11.

Planejamento experimental na otimização da extração dos frutos de Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels
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Migliato, Ketylin Fernanda

; Corrêa, Marcos Antonio

; Salgado, Hérida Regina Nunes

; Tognolli, João Olimpio

; Sacramento, Luis Vitor S.

; Mello, João Carlos Palazzo de

; Giannini, Maria José Soares Mendes

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

; Pizzolitto, Antonio Carlos

Química Nova

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2011, Volume 34 Nº 4 Páginas 695 - 699

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The aim of this study was to standardize the extractive solution of Syzygium cumini. The extractive solution was selected through a full factorial design, considering the extraction method (maceration-5-days, turbo extraction, percolation), extractor solvent (ethanol 50, 70, 96%) and plant material particle size 0.302 mm into a plant:solvent ratio (1:10), using the dried residue and antimicrobial activity determination as evaluation criteria. The tests were performed in triplicate. It appeared that the percolation is the best procedure extractive, and ethanol mixture: water (50:50) the best solvent. ANOVA analysis showed the importance of these parameters.

6197 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

12.

Antimicrobial activity of Pterogyne nitens Tul., Fabaceae, against opportunistic fungi
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Regasini, Luis Octávio

; Pivatto, Marcos

; Scorzoni, Liliana

; Benaducci, Tatiane

; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa

; Giannini, Maria José Soares Mendes

; Barreiro, Eliezer Jesus

; Siva, Dulce Helena Siqueira

; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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Nov 2010, Volume 20 Nº 5 Páginas 706 - 711

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

No contexto de nossas pesquisas por novos agentes antifúngicos obtidos da flora brasileira, oito extratos e doze frações de Pterogyne nitens Tul., Fabaceae, foram submetidos ao ensaio antifúngico pelo método de microdiluição, contra quatro espécies de fungos oportunistas, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis e Cryptococcus neoformans. Este trabalho revelou que os extratos e frações de P. nitens foram mais ativos contra C. krusei e C. parapsilosis quando comparados a C. neoformans, sendo que o crescimento de C. albicans foi moderadamente afetado por todos os extratos e frações. As atividades mais potentes foram observadas para as frações n-butanólica dos galhos (CIM = 15,6 μg/mL) e raízes (CIM = 31,2 μg/mL) contra C. krusei. Adicionalmente, a fração n-butanólica dos galhos foi submetida ao fracionamento cromatográfico, resultando no isolamento de quatro alcaloides guanidínicos, sendo N-1,N-2,N-3-tri-isopentenilguanidina (1), descrito pela primeira vez em espécies da família Fabaceae e nitensidinas A-C (2-4), os quais apresentaram atividade antifúngica moderada contra C. krusei (CIM = 62,5 μg/mL) e C. parapsilosis (CIM = 31,2 μg/mL).

As part of our ongoing research on antifungal agents from Brazilian flora, eight extracts and twelve fractions from Pterogyne nitens Tul., Fabaceae, were screened for antimicrobial activity against four opportunistic fungi species (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans) using a broth microdilution method. The present investigation reveals that P. nitens extracts and fractions were more effective against C. krusei and C. parapsilosis than against C. neoformans. The growth of C. albicans was moderately affected by all tested extracts and fractions. The strongest effects were observed for n-butanol fractions from branches (MIC = 15.6 μg/mL) and roots (MIC = 31.2 μg/mL) against C. krusei. Additionally, the chromatographic fractionation of the n-butanol fraction from branches afforded four guanidine alkaloids; N-1,N-2,N-3-triisopentenylguanidine (1), described for the first time in the Fabaceae family, and nitensidines A-C (2-4), which showed moderate activity towards C. krusei (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL) and C. parapsilosis (MIC = 31.2 μg/mL).

3234 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

13.

Induction of apoptosis in A549 pulmonary cells by two Paracoccidioides brasiliensis samples
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Del Vecchio, Adriana

; Silva, Julhiany de Fatima da

; Silva, Juliana Leal Monteiro da

; Andreotti, Patricia Ferrari

; Soares, Christiane Pienna

; Benard, Gil

; Giannini, Maria José Soares Mendes

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Ago 2009, Volume 104 Nº 5 Páginas 749 - 754

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Paracoccidioidomycosis presents a variety of clinical manifestations and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis can reach many tissues, most importantly the lungs. The ability of the pathogen to interact with host surface structures is essential to its virulence. The interaction between P. brasiliensis and epithelial cells has been studied, with particular emphasis on the induction of apoptosis. To investigate the expression of different apoptosis-inducing pathways in human A549 cells, we infected these cells with P. brasiliensis Pb18SP (subcultured) and 18R (recently isolated from cell culture and showing a high adhesion pattern) samples in vitro. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bak and caspase 3 were analysed by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL technique. Apoptosis of human A549 cells was induced by P. brasiliensis in a sample and time-dependent manner. Using an in vitro model, our data demonstrates that caspase 3, Bak, Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation mediate P. brasiliensis-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The overall mechanism is a complex process, which may involve several signal transduction pathways. These findings could partially explain the efficient behaviour of this fungus in promoting tissue infection and/or blood dissemination.

2762 downloads

14.

Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichosporon asahii isolated of Intensive Care Units patients
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Silva, Rosana Bellan de Oliveira

; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa

; Matsumoto, Marcelo Teruyuki

; Baeza, Lilian Cristiane

; Benaducci, Tatiane

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Set 2008, Volume 39 Nº 3 Páginas 585 - 592

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Trichosporon asahii é um patógeno oportunista que apresenta altos índices de mortalidade em pacientes imunocomprometidos. No presente trabalho, dez cepas foram isoladas da cavidade bucal e urina de pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) por seis meses. Todos os isolados foram identificados por métodos clássicos e moleculares, tipados por RAPD e testados in vitro quanto à sensibilidade ao fluconazol, itraconazol, 5-fluorocitosina e anfotericina B. Houve concordância total entre a identificação de Trichosporon sp por PCR baseado na seqüência da região ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) e na seqüência da subunidade menor do DNA ribossômico (rDNA). Os perfis genéticos foram determinados por RAPD utilizando dois iniciadores P6 e M13. A análise do dendrograma mostrou que a maioria das amostras apresentou alta similaridade entre elas (>0.9) e todas foram multidrogas resistentes. Este estudo traz novos resultados em relação à identificação e genotipagem de isolados brasileiros de T. asahii em pacientes internados em UTI, bem como dados sobre o perfil de sensibilidade aos antifúngicos.

Trichosporon asahii is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. In this study, ten isolates, recovered from oral cavity and urine of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) over six months, were identified by classical and molecular methods, typed by RAPD and tested in vitro for susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B. A total agreement between the identification of Trichosporon sp by PCR based on sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions (ITS) and on the sequences of small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was found. Randomly amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), with primers P6 and M13, was used to determine the genomic profiles. The dendogram analysis indicated that almost all strains showed similarity >0.9 among them and all strains were multidrug-resistant. This study brings new results on the identification and genotyping of T. asahii isolated from Brazilian ICU patients and information about their antifungal drugs susceptibility.

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15.

Saponinas antifúngicas de Swartzia langsdorffii
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Marqui, Sara Regina de

; Lemos, Renata Brionízio

; Santos, Luciana Ávila

; Castro-Gamboa, Ian

; Cavalheiro, Alberto José

; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva

; Silva, Dulce Helena Siqueira

; Scorzoni, Liliana

; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Maria

; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares

; Young, Maria Claudia Marx

; Torres, Luce Maria Brandão

Química Nova

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2008, Volume 31 Nº 4 Páginas 828 - 831

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Swartzia langsdorffii afforded the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and lupeol, and two saponins: oleanolic acid 3-sophoroside and the new ester 3-O-b-D-(6'-methyl)-glucopyranosyl-28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanate. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antifungal activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, using phytopathogens Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, and human pathogens Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

5624 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

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